![\"\"](\"https://soclema.com/les-actualites/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/Saint-Gobain_Platine-Echantillonnage-Spectrometre-de-masse_ASSEMB360_MERLIN_120.png\")
SOCLEMA produced this conditioning board for the research laboratory of a leading sustainable construction group.
\n\n\n\nIt is designed to remove water from furnace exhaust prior to analysis.
\n\n\n\nA MERLIN cyclone separator removes water from the gas sample, and a GENIE 120 membrane separator protects the analyzer.
\nMass spectrometry is an important tool for identifying specific compounds or materials with a high degree of precision. The applications of this technique are numerous, ranging from food quality and safety to carbon dating.
\n\n\n\nIn the simplest terms, mass spectrometry is a sensitive technique used to detect, identify and quantify molecules based on their mass-to-charge ratio (m/z).
\n\n\n\nAll mass spectrometers have three components: an ionization source, a mass analyzer and an ion detector. Samples are loaded into the mass spectrometer in either liquid, gaseous or dried form, then vaporized and ionized by the ionization source. These components vary in each type of mass spectrometer, offering a diverse range of options for testing different physical properties and collecting data.
\n\n\n\nThe underlying principle of mass spectrometry lies in Newton's second law of motion. Mass spectrometry plots ions of varying masses on a mass spectrum using this property of matter.
\n\n\n\nAccording to the law, we can deduce the amount of mass relevant to the inertia and acceleration of a compound. Ions with different mass-to-charge ratios are deflected at different angles in an electric or magnetic field.
\n\n\n\nWhen molecules receive a charge, the mass spectrometer allows ions to accelerate throughout the mass spectrometer system. The ions encounter either electric or magnetic fields (or a combination of both) via the mass analyzers. The trajectories of individual ions are then deviated according to their specific m/z.
\n\n\n\nEach has its own characteristics. Mass analyzers can be used in two ways: to separate all analytes for analysis, or to be used as a filter diverting only specific ions to the detector.
Once successfully diverted via mass analyzers, the ions come into contact with the ion detector. The detector emits a cascade of electrons as each ion strikes the detector plate, resulting in amplification of each strike. This will improve detection sensitivity.
These processes are performed under a high vacuum (10-6 to 10-8 torr) which removes contaminants from gas molecules as well as neutral and non-sampled ions. Removing contaminants allows you to mitigate the risk of these molecules colliding with sampled ions, which can alter their trajectories and produce non-specific reaction products.
Mass spectrometers are connected to computer software that measures ion oscillation and frequencies. This is done using image current detection. The program detects ions and organizes them according to their m/z values and relative abundance.
These ions can then be matched and identified according to their m/z values using established databases.
The introduction of the introduction system was one of the greatest advances in mass spectrometry technology. In 1960, A. James and A. Martin first interfaced gas chromatography (GC) with a mass spectrometer. This was achieved by injecting a solid column.
\n\n\n\nThis was then improved by Swedish medical scientist, Einar Stenhagen, when he patented a high-flow solid column with a jet separator and a high-flow capillary column (530-750 µm) that was connected to the mass spectrometer's vacuum chamber. This advance changed the sample flow rate in the ionization chamber. This development laid the foundations for MS as an effective tool for analytical chemistry.
\n\n\n\nWhen a sample is processed by mass spectrometry, it is bombarded with electrons. These electrons move between the cathode and the anode. As the sample passes through the electron stream, the high-energy electrons remove the electrons from the sample, forming ions.
\n\n\n\nDeflection occurs when ions interact with a magnetic field. The field deflects ions according to their charge and mass. If an ion is heavy or has at least two positive charges, it is deflected the least. Whereas a light ion, or one with only one positive charge, will be deflected more.
\n\n\n\nThe ion detector plays a key role in the analysis process. Ions with the right charge and mass will travel to the detector where the mass-to-charge ratio is analyzed.
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