{"id":4955,"date":"2019-11-25T11:39:47","date_gmt":"2019-11-25T10:39:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/soclema.com\/?p=4955"},"modified":"2019-11-27T09:59:16","modified_gmt":"2019-11-27T08:59:16","slug":"gazeification-hydrothermale-france","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/soclema.com\/les-actualites\/2019\/11\/25\/gazeification-hydrothermale-france\/","title":{"rendered":"La gaz\u00e9ification hydrothermale en France"},"content":{"rendered":"

 <\/p>\n

Ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, les projets en mati\u00e8re d\u2019\u00e9nergies renouvelables <\/strong>se sont acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

Tout type de biomasse<\/strong> peut aujourd\u2019hui \u00eatre valoris\u00e9 en \u00e9nergie<\/strong>. Et la multiplicit\u00e9 des process permet de r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 tous les besoins \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques\u00a0: chaleur, \u00e9lectricit\u00e9, refroidissement, combustibles liquides (biocarburants, biochar), solides (black pellets) et gazeux (biogaz, m\u00e9thane, syngaz, hydrog\u00e8ne).<\/p>\n

Le proc\u00e9d\u00e9 de gaz\u00e9ification hydrothermale<\/strong> est encore peu connu, mais tr\u00e8s prometteur. Il permet de produire un gaz riche en m\u00e9thane \u00e0 partir de d\u00e9chets liquides<\/strong>, comme les lisiers, les fumiers, les digestats issus d\u2019unit\u00e9s de m\u00e9thanisation, les boues de station d\u2019\u00e9puration ou encore les effluents organiques issus d\u2019activit\u00e9s industrielles.<\/p>\n

Ce proc\u00e9d\u00e9 a \u00e9t\u00e9 mis au point par la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 suisse TreaTrech en collaboration avec l\u2019institut suisse Paul Scherrer (PSI). Des unit\u00e9s pilotes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9velopp\u00e9es. La premi\u00e8re pour d\u00e9montrer la faisabilit\u00e9 technique \u00e0 partir de microalgues<\/strong> et la deuxi\u00e8me construite par l\u2018EPFL, qui a permis de breveter un nouveau syst\u00e8me d\u2019extracteur de min\u00e9raux solides (voir la vid\u00e9o<\/a>)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

GRTgaz<\/strong> s\u2019est depuis associ\u00e9 au projet de gaz\u00e9ification hydrothermale<\/strong> et s\u2019implique dans le d\u00e9veloppement de la fili\u00e8re en apportant un support aux d\u00e9veloppeurs de technologie ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 l\u2019initiation de projets pilote et de d\u00e9monstration. Ce soutien vise prioritairement \u00e0 faciliter l\u2019arriv\u00e9e de la gaz\u00e9ification hydrothermale sur le march\u00e9 fran\u00e7ais et diversifier les intrants accessibles \u00e0 la technologie.<\/p>\n

GRTgaz a tout r\u00e9cemment sorti un rapport sur le potentiel de la gaz\u00e9ification hydrothermale en France<\/strong> (voir le rapport<\/a>).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

La technique\u00a0de gaz\u00e9ification hydrothermale consiste \u00e0 placer de la biomasse liquide<\/strong> \u00e0 haute temp\u00e9rature<\/strong> (entre 400 \u00e0 700\u00b0C) et haute pression<\/strong> (250 \u00e0 300 bars). Elle permet de produire un gaz riche en m\u00e9thane qui peut directement \u00eatre inject\u00e9 dans le r\u00e9seau gazier ou dans une station GNV (gaz naturel pour v\u00e9hicules). Le proc\u00e9d\u00e9 offre un taux conversion en carbone tr\u00e8s \u00e9lev\u00e9, potentiellement au-del\u00e0 des 90%. Il\u00a0g\u00e9n\u00e8re peu de d\u00e9chets ultimes, autrement dit des d\u00e9chets qui ne sont plus valorisables, et permet \u00e9galement de r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer des sels min\u00e9raux, comme le\u00a0phosphore. Explication en vid\u00e9o de la Gaz\u00e9ification hydrothermale.<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"
Source GRTgaz<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

La technologie r\u00e9pond \u00e0 un triple d\u00e9fi.<\/p>\n

Elle doit d’abord accompagner la transition vers la neutralit\u00e9 carbone<\/strong>, que le gouvernement fran\u00e7ais esp\u00e8re atteindre en 2050, et\u00a0compl\u00e9ter\u00a0d’autres techniques de production de gaz vert, comme la m\u00e9thanisation, qui transforme d\u00e9j\u00e0 les r\u00e9sidus agricoles en biogaz. Et plus tard, la\u00a0pyrogaz\u00e9ification et le power-to-gas (conversion d’\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 en gaz).<\/p>\n

Ensuite, la gaz\u00e9ification hydrothermale mobilise les d\u00e9chets<\/strong> de mani\u00e8re efficace, offrant une alternative aux m\u00e9thodes traditionnelles de valorisation.<\/p>\n

Enfin, elle r\u00e9pond \u00e0 une volont\u00e9 d’am\u00e9nagement du territoire<\/strong>, car elle\u00a0peut \u00eatre r\u00e9alis\u00e9e dans des installations de petite taille, qui pourraient \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es, par exemple, au plus pr\u00e8s des exploitations agricoles.<\/p>\n

Autre point important, la France dispose de gisements consid\u00e9rables d’intrants pouvant \u00eatre convertis en gaz. A terme, le principal intrant devrait \u00eatre les digestats de m\u00e9thanisation, dont la quantit\u00e9 devrait fortement augmenter \u00e0 mesure que cette technique se d\u00e9veloppe. Ces digestats sont cependant aujourd’hui difficilement valorisables pour des raisons de limite de surfaces ou des interdictions d’\u00e9pandage.<\/p>\n

La gaz\u00e9ification hydrothermale d\u00e9cuplerait alors le potentiel de la m\u00e9thanisation, en permettant la production additionnelle de gaz.<\/p>\n

Plusieurs projets sont en cours aux Etats-Unis, au Japon et Europe\u00a0; en particulier aux Pays-Bas, pays europ\u00e9en le plus avanc\u00e9 dans le domaine, o\u00f9 un d\u00e9monstrateur a d\u00e9j\u00e0 ouvert et un deuxi\u00e8me devrait suivre en 2021.<\/p>\n

En France, le LITEN (CEA<\/strong>) travaille depuis quelques ann\u00e9es sur des projets de la valorisation de la biomasse humide<\/strong>, comme le Projet Diesalg (Production de biohuile par liqu\u00e9faction hydrothermale de microalgues) ou le Projet Enerlig\u00a0(valorisation de la liqueur noire, le r\u00e9sidu de la p\u00e2te \u00e0 papier dans les industries papeti\u00e8res).<\/strong><\/p>\n

La construction du premier pilote mondial de gaz\u00e9ification hydrothermale catalytique (100 kg\/h) a d\u00e9but\u00e9 cette ann\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019Institut Paul Scherrer PSI et sera op\u00e9rationnelle en 2020 afin d\u2019\u00e9valuer les performances de gaz\u00e9ification de diff\u00e9rents types de d\u00e9chets liquides (p. ex., boues dig\u00e9r\u00e9es, boues non-dig\u00e9r\u00e9es).<\/p>\n

Les d\u00e9veloppeurs estiment que la technologie devrait atteindre l\u2019\u00e9chelle industrielle \u00e0 l\u2019horizon 2023\/2025.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  Ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, les projets en mati\u00e8re d\u2019\u00e9nergies renouvelables se sont acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9s. Tout type de biomasse peut aujourd\u2019hui \u00eatre valoris\u00e9 en \u00e9nergie. Et la multiplicit\u00e9 des process permet de r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 tous les besoins \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques\u00a0: chaleur, \u00e9lectricit\u00e9, refroidissement, combustibles liquides (biocarburants, biochar), solides (black pellets) et gazeux (biogaz, m\u00e9thane, syngaz, hydrog\u00e8ne). Le proc\u00e9d\u00e9 de […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":4956,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4955","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"yoast_head":"\nLa gaz\u00e9ification hydrothermale en France - Soclema<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/soclema.com\/les-actualites\/2019\/11\/25\/gazeification-hydrothermale-france\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"La gaz\u00e9ification hydrothermale en France - Soclema\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"  Ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, les projets en mati\u00e8re d\u2019\u00e9nergies renouvelables se sont acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9s. 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